mtDNA haplogroup U4

Branches

• U4a 103
• U4b 54
• U4d 21
• U4c 16

Populations 149

• Ukraine (Neolithic) Ukraine_N 6 individuals
• Afanasievo (Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_Afanasievo 5 individuals
• Bell Beaker (Bronze Age, Czech) Czech_BellBeaker 5 individuals
• Conqueror Elite (Medieval, Hungary) Hungary_Conqueror_Elite 5 individuals
• Iron Gates (Mesolithic, Serbia) Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic 4 individuals
• Kilteasheen Anglo Saxon EMedieval Norman (Medieval, Ireland) Ireland_Kilteasheen_AngloSaxon_EMedieval_Norman 3 individuals
• Langobard (Medieval, Hungary) Hungary_Langobard 3 individuals
• Latvia (Middle Neolithic) Latvia_MN 3 individuals
• Sargatka (Early Iron Age–Iron Age, Russia) Russia_EIA_Sargatka_IA 3 individuals
• Sweden (Mesolithic) · Sweden_Mesolithic Sweden_Mesolithic 3 individuals
• Andronovo (Bronze Age, Russia) · Russia_Andronovo Russia_Andronovo 2 individuals
• Armenia (Late Bronze Age) · Armenia_LBA Armenia_LBA 2 individuals
• Bell Beaker (Bronze Age, Germany) Germany_BellBeaker 2 individuals
• Conqueror Commoner (Medieval, Hungary) Hungary_Conqueror_Commoner 2 individuals
• Early Viking (Medieval, Estonia) Estonia_EarlyViking 2 individuals
• England (Early Iron Age) England_EIA 2 individuals
• England (Middle Iron Age–Late Iron Age) England_MIA_LIA 2 individuals
• England (Middle Iron Age) England_MIA 2 individuals
• Gotland Vasterbjers Pitted Ware Battle Axe (Bronze Age, Sweden) Sweden_Gotland_Vasterbjers_PittedWare_BattleAxe 2 individuals
• Krasnoyarsk (Middle–Late Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_MLBA_Krasnoyarsk 2 individuals
• Latvia (Hunter-Gatherer) Latvia_HG 2 individuals
• Lech (Early Bronze Age, Germany) Germany_Lech_EBA 2 individuals
• Oy Dzhaylau (Middle–Late Bronze Age, Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan_MLBA_OyDzhaylau 2 individuals
• Saaremaa EVA (Medieval) Saaremaa_EVA 2 individuals
• Sarmatian (Iron Age, Kazakhstan) · KAZ_Sarmatian KAZ_Sarmatian 2 individuals
• Sarmatian (Iron Age, Kazakhstan) · Kazakhstan_Sarmatian Kazakhstan_Sarmatian 2 individuals
• Srubnaya Alakul (Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_Srubnaya_Alakul 2 individuals
• Srubnaya Alakul (Middle–Late Bronze Age) Srubnaya_Alakul_MLBA 2 individuals
• Steppe Catacomb (Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_Steppe_Catacomb 2 individuals
• Sweden (Mesolithic) · SWE_Meso SWE_Meso 2 individuals
• Unetice (Early Bronze Age, Czech) Czech_EBA_Unetice 2 individuals
• Viking (Medieval, Denmark) Denmark_Viking 2 individuals
• Viking (Medieval, Sweden) Sweden_Viking 2 individuals
• Ajvide PWC BAC (Bronze Age) Ajvide_PWC_BAC 1 individual
• Aktogai (Middle–Late Bronze Age, Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan_MLBA_Aktogai 1 individual
• Alan (Medieval, Russia) Russia_Alan 1 individual
• Alan (Medieval) Alan_MA 1 individual
• Albania (Medieval) · Albania_Medieval Albania_Medieval 1 individual
• Andronovo (Bronze Age, Russia) · RUS_Andronovo RUS_Andronovo 1 individual
• Arkhangelsk Veretye (Mesolithic, Russia) Russia_Arkhangelsk_Veretye_Mesolithic 1 individual
• Armenia (Early Iron Age) Armenia_EIA 1 individual
• Armenia (Late Bronze Age) · ARM_LBA ARM_LBA 1 individual
• BDB (Mesolithic) Meso_BDB 1 individual
• Bell Beaker late (Bronze Age, Czechia) Bell_Beaker_CZE_late 1 individual
• Bolshoy (Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_Bolshoy 1 individual
• Bolshoy Oleni Ostrov (Bronze Age) Bolshoy_Oleni_Ostrov 1 individual
• Broion (Bronze Age, Italy) Italy_Broion_BA 1 individual
• Bulgaria (Chalcolithic) · Bulgaria_C Bulgaria_C 1 individual
• Bylkyldak (Middle–Late Bronze Age, Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan_Bylkyldak_MLBA 1 individual
• Caspian steppe Sarmatian (Iron Age) Caspian_steppe_Sarmatian 1 individual
• Caucasus Kura Araxes (Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_Caucasus_KuraAraxes 1 individual
• Caucasus Late Maikop (Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_Caucasus_LateMaikop 1 individual
• CCC 2 (Middle Neolithic, Estonia) Estonia_MN_CCC_2 1 individual
• Chanchar2 Early Sarmatian (Iron Age) Chanchar2_Early_Sarmatian 1 individual
• Colonial period colonial_period 1 individual
• Corded Ware (Bronze Age, Germany) Germany_CordedWare 1 individual
• Corded Ware (Bronze Age, Poland) Poland_CordedWare 1 individual
• Corded Ware early (Bronze Age, Poland) Corded_Ware_POL_early 1 individual
• Dunum Saxon (Medieval, Germany) Germany_Dunum_Saxon_Medieval 1 individual
• England (Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age) England_C_EBA 1 individual
• England (Middle Bronze Age) England_MBA 1 individual
• Fatyanovo Moscow (Bronze Age) Fatyanovo_Moscow_BA 1 individual
• France (Medieval) France_Medieval 1 individual
• Friesland Saxon (Medieval, Netherlands) Netherlands_Friesland_Saxon_Medieval 1 individual
• Fuzesabony (Middle Bronze Age, Hungary) Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony 1 individual
• Germany (Early Medieval) Germany_EarlyMedieval 1 individual
• Germany (Mesolithic) Germany_Mesolithic 1 individual
• Gnezdovo VA (Medieval) Gnezdovo_VA 1 individual
• Gotland Ajvide Pitted Ware Battle Axe (Bronze Age, Sweden) Sweden_Gotland_Ajvide_PittedWare_BattleAxe 1 individual
• Gotland Hemmor Pitted Ware Battle Axe (Bronze Age, Sweden) Sweden_Gotland_Hemmor_PittedWare_BattleAxe 1 individual
• Gotland VA (Medieval) Gotland_VA 1 individual
• Hetian HE3 (Antiquity) Hetian_HE3 1 individual
• High EEF (Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age, England) England_C_EBA_highEEF 1 individual
• Imperial (Antiquity, Italy) Italy_Imperial 1 individual
• Ireland (Early Neolithic) Ireland_EN 1 individual
• Islamic (Medieval, Spain) Spain_Islamic 1 individual
• Jordan (Late Bronze Age) Jordan_LBA 1 individual
• Kairan (Middle–Late Bronze Age, Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan_MLBA_Kairan 1 individual
• Karelia (Hunter-Gatherer, Russia) Russia_Karelia_HG 1 individual
• Katelai (Iron Age, Pakistan) Pakistan_Katelai_IA 1 individual
• Khvalynsk En (Chalcolithic) Khvalynsk_En 1 individual
• Kumsay (Early Bronze Age, Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan_Kumsay_EBA 1 individual
• La Tene (Iron Age, Czech) Czech_IA_LaTene 1 individual
• La Tene (Iron Age, Hungary) · Hungary_IA_LaTene Hungary_IA_LaTene 1 individual
• Ladoga VA (Medieval) Ladoga_VA 1 individual
• Langeland VA (Medieval) Langeland_VA 1 individual
• Late Avar Elite (Medieval, Hungary) Hungary_LateAvar_Elite 1 individual
• Lithuania (Mesolithic) Lithuania_Mesolithic 1 individual
• Low res (Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age, England) England_C_EBA_low_res 1 individual
• Maitan Alakul (Middle–Late Bronze Age, Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan_Maitan_MLBA_Alakul 1 individual
• Maykop Late (Bronze Age) Maykop_Late 1 individual
• Mereke (Middle Bronze Age, Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan_Mereke_MBA 1 individual
• Mid Avar (Medieval, Hungary) Hungary_MidAvar 1 individual
• Montenegro (Middle–Late Bronze Age) Montenegro_MLBA 1 individual
• Narva (Early–Middle Neolithic, Estonia) Estonia_EMN_Narva 1 individual
• Netherlands (Middle Bronze Age) Netherlands_MBA 1 individual
• Orkney VA (Medieval, Scotland) Scotland_Orkney_VA 1 individual
• Ottoman Arab Graves (Medieval, Turkey) Turkey_Ottoman_ArabGraves 1 individual
• Oxford VA (Medieval, England) England_Oxford_VA 1 individual
• PA Colonist PA_Colonist 1 individual
• Poltavka (Middle Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_MBA_Poltavka 1 individual
• Poprad (Antiquity, Slovakia) Slovakia_Poprad 1 individual
• Poprad (Medieval) Poprad_MA 1 individual
• Prescythian Mezocsat (Early Iron Age, Hungary) Hungary_EIA_Prescythian_Mezocsat 1 individual
• PWC (Bronze Age, Sweden) Sweden_PWC 1 individual
• Republic (Iron Age, Italy) Italy_IA_Republic 1 individual
• Romania 1 (Bronze Age) Romania_BA_1 1 individual
• Roopkund A (Medieval, India) India_RoopkundA 1 individual
• Sagly 4 (Early Iron Age, Mongolia) Mongolia_EIA_Sagly_4 1 individual
• Saka (Iron Age, Kyrgyzstan) Kyrgyzstan_Saka_IA 1 individual
• Samara Yamnaya (Early Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya 1 individual
• Sarmatian (Iron Age, Russia) Russia_Sarmatian 1 individual
• Saxon (Early Medieval, England) England_EarlyMedieval_Saxon 1 individual
• Scotland (Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age) Scotland_C_EBA 1 individual
• SE Gaziantep Byzantine (Medieval) SE_Gaziantep_Byz 1 individual
• Sealand VA (Medieval) Sealand_VA 1 individual
• Selenge Xiongnu Medieval (Medieval, Mongolia) Mongolia_Selenge_XiongnuMedieval 1 individual
• Sicily (Mesolithic) Sicily_Meso 1 individual
• Sicily Late Mesolithic Castelnovian (Hunter-Gatherer, Italy) Italy_Sicily_LateMesolithic_Castelnovian 1 individual
• Sintashta (Middle–Late Bronze Age, Russia) Russia_MLBA_Sintashta 1 individual
• Skara VA (Medieval) Skara_VA 1 individual
• Slovenia (Early Iron Age) Slovenia_EIA 1 individual
• Southeast Byzantine (Medieval, Turkey) Turkey_SoutheastByzantine 1 individual
• Southern Germany Singen (Early Bronze Age, Germany) Germany_SouthernGermany_Singen_EBA 1 individual
• Spain (Medieval) Spain_Medieval 1 individual
• Switzerland 1 (Early Bronze Age) Switzerland_EBA_1 1 individual
• Tollense (Bronze Age) Tollense_BA 1 individual
• Trypillia Late (Chalcolithic) Trypillia_Late 1 individual
• Ukraine (Eneolithic) Ukraine_Eneolithic 1 individual
• Ukraine (Mesolithic) Ukraine_Mesolithic 1 individual
• Unetice (Chalcolithic) Unetice_C 1 individual
• Unetice (Early Bronze Age, Poland) Poland_EBA_Unetice 1 individual
• Unetice (Early Bronze Age) Unetice_EBA 1 individual
• Uvs EIAXiongnu Late Medival (Iron Age, Mongolia) Mongolia_Uvs_EIAXiongnuLateMedival 1 individual
• Vasterbjers PWC BAC (Bronze Age) Vasterbjers_PWC_BAC 1 individual
• Veretye (Mesolithic) Veretye_Meso 1 individual
• Viking (Medieval, England) England_Viking 1 individual
• Viking (Medieval, Russia) Russia_Viking 1 individual
• Viking (Medieval, Scotland) Scotland_Viking 1 individual
• Wales (Iron Age) Wales_IA 1 individual
• Xinjiang Bolati Chemurcheck (Bronze Age, China) China_Xinjiang_Bolati_BA_Chemurcheck 1 individual
• Xinjiang Caishichang (Iron Age, China) China_Xinjiang_Caishichang_IA 1 individual
• Xinjiang Eminhuojierte (Iron Age, China) China_Xinjiang_Eminhuojierte_IA 1 individual
• Xinjiang Hetian Historical (Antiquity, China) China_Xinjiang_Hetian_Historical 1 individual
• Xinjiang Shanpula Historical Sampula (Antiquity, China) China_Xinjiang_Shanpula_Historical_Sampula 1 individual
• Xinjiang Songshugou (Bronze Age, China) China_Xinjiang_Songshugou_BA 1 individual
• Xinjiang Songshugou (Early Iron Age, China) China_Xinjiang_Songshugou_EIA 1 individual
• Xinjiang Tuoganbai Chemurcheck (Bronze Age, China) China_Xinjiang_Tuoganbai_BA_Chemurcheck 1 individual
• Yamnaya (Early Bronze Age, Serbia) Serbia_EBA_Yamnaya 1 individual

Called at U4 8

Individuals whose call goes no further down a listed branch; the others are on their branch's page. Oldest first. Calls are from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource.