Ancient population · Medieval
Orkney VA (Medieval, Scotland)
Scotland_Orkney_VA
Orkney VA (Medieval, Scotland) is an ancient population in Genoplot's G25 reference catalogue (Scotland_Orkney_VA), with 4 samples from Scotland, United Kingdom, dated to c. 360–1020 CE.
Among ancient populations it sits closest to Viking (Medieval, Scotland), Kilteasheen Anglo Saxon EMedieval Norman (Medieval, Ireland) and Scotland (Late Bronze Age); the nearest living populations are Scottish, Irish and Orcadian.
Its men carry Y-DNA haplogroups R1b (2) and I2a; its mtDNA haplogroups include H1ai, H3k, H4a and U4b.
- Period
- Medieval
- Date
- c. 360–1020 CE
- Country
- United Kingdom
- Origin
- Scotland, United Kingdom
- Sampled near
- Brough Road Birsay 59.13, -3.32
- Sites
- Brough Road Birsay (2)
Buckquoy (2) - Samples
- 4
- Published in
- AkbariReichNature2026
MargaryanWillerslevNature2020 - Catalogue
Scotland_Orkney_VA
Nearest populations
Distance between population averages in scaled G25 space, ×100. Lower is closer. It says who resembles this population, not who descends from it; an nMonte model tests that.
| # | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Viking (Medieval, Scotland)Scotland_Viking | 0.96 |
| 2 | Kilteasheen Anglo Saxon EMedieval Norman (Medieval, Ireland)Ireland_Kilteasheen_AngloSaxon_EMedieval_Norman | 1.47 |
| 3 | Scotland (Late Bronze Age)Scotland_LBA | 1.52 |
| 4 | Roman (Iron Age, England)England_IA_Roman | 1.60 |
| 5 | Scotland (Late Iron Age)Scotland_LIA | 1.62 |
| 6 | EM (Faroes)Faroes_EM | 1.73 |
| 7 | England (Iron Age)England_IA | 1.74 |
| 8 | Early Modern (Faroes)Faroes_EarlyModern | 1.76 |
| 9 | East Yorkshire (Middle Iron Age, England)England_EastYorkshire_MIA | 1.82 |
| 10 | England (Early Medieval)England_EarlyMedieval | 1.83 |
| # | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ScottishScottish | 1.42 |
| 2 | IrishIrish | 1.44 |
| 3 | OrcadianOrcadian | 1.44 |
| 4 | EnglishEnglish | 1.69 |
| 5 | English CornwallEnglish_Cornwall | 1.70 |
| 6 | WelshWelsh | 1.80 |
| 7 | ShetlandicShetlandic | 1.90 |
| 8 | DutchDutch | 1.99 |
| 9 | NorwegianNorwegian | 2.11 |
| 10 | DanishDanish | 2.14 |
Haplogroups
Individuals 7
The samples behind this population in the catalogue. Outliers are kept out of the population's average. Sex, date, site and haplogroups are from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource; Y-DNA calls are mostly automatic, from the shown terminal SNP.
| Sample | Sex | Date | Site | Y-DNA | mtDNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VK201 | M | 415-571 calCE | Buckquoy | I2a1b1a1a1 I-Y3709 | H3k1a |
VK202 | M | 900-1000 CE | Buckquoy | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a3a2 R-CTS4466 | H1ai1 |
VK203 | M | 54-668 CE [union of two dates: | Brough Road Birsay | R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 R-Z258 | H4a1a1a1a1 |
VK207 | F | 880-1160 calCE | Brough Road Birsay | U4b1b1 | |
VK204 outlier | M | 900-1000 CE | Newark Deerness | R1b1a1b1a1a R-L151 | H1m |
VK205 outlier | M | 850-1000 CE | Newark Deerness | R1a1a1b1a3a1a3b2 R-S6790 | H3 |
VK208 outlier | F | 650-1026 calCE [union of two dates: | Brough Road Birsay | J1b1a1 |