mtDNA haplogroup
64 individuals in Genoplot's reference catalogue carry mtDNA haplogroup X2b or a branch of it, across 53 populations; 63 of them ancient, dated c. 6370 BCE – 1100 CE.
England_MIA 3 individualsCzech_CordedWare 2 individualsFrance_MN 2 individualsIreland_MN 2 individualsLadoga_VA 2 individualsSpain_MLN 2 individualsEngland_EarlyMedieval_Saxon 2 individualsSpain_C 2 individualsSwitzerland_LN 2 individualsRussia_Viking 2 individualsSpain_Almoloya_Argar_Early 1 individualSpain_Almoloya_Argar_Late 1 individualHungary_MN_ALPc_Bukk 1 individualCzech_BellBeaker 1 individualEngland_BellBeaker 1 individualFrance_BellBeaker 1 individualNetherlands_BellBeaker 1 individualBulgaria_N 1 individualGermany_CordedWare 1 individualCorded_Ware_CZE_early 1 individualCroatia_MLBA 1 individualCzech_LN 1 individualCzech_MN 1 individualEngland_Derbyshire_IA 1 individualEngland_C_EBA 1 individualEngland_MIA_LIA 1 individualEngland_N 1 individualFrance_GrandEst_EN 1 individualGreece_N 1 individualMN_GRG 1 individualIberia_Argar_Almoloya_Early 1 individualIberia_EBA_low_res 1 individualCzech_LBA_Knoviz 1 individualLangeland_VA 1 individualCroatia_C_Lasinja 1 individualSweden_Late_N 1 individualGermany_Lech_EBA 1 individualEngland_C_EBA_lowEEF 1 individualFrance_MontAime_MLN 1 individualMAR_EN 1 individualItaly_North_EarlyMedieval_Langobards_2 1 individualOllsjo_BA 1 individualPortugal_MBA 1 individualMN_PRI 1 individualKazakhstan_Sarmatian_IA 1 individualGermany_Saxony_LBK_N 1 individualSpain_EN 1 individualSpain_IA 1 individualSpain_LN 1 individualSwitzerland_EBA_2 1 individualItaly_Tuscany_Grosseto_Etruscan 1 individualDenmark_Viking 1 individualWales_MIA_LIA 1 individualIndividuals whose call goes no further down a listed branch; the others are on their branch's page. Oldest first. Calls are from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource.
| Sample | Population | Call | Date | Site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rev5_noUDG.SG | Greece (Neolithic) | X2b | 6434-6257 calBCE | Revenia |
I11134 | Bulgaria N | X2b | 6100-5450 BCE | Dzhulyunitsa |
DER018 | Saxony LBK (Neolithic, Germany) | X2b | 5400-4900 BCE | Derenburg-Meerenstieg-2 |
I1499 | ALPc Bukk (Middle Neolithic, Hungary) | X2b | 5286-5015 calBCE | Garadna |
Schw432.SG | Grand Est (Early Neolithic, France) | X2b | 5210-4952 calBCE | Lotissement Les Terrasses de la Zorn |
FUC003_merged | Spain (Early Neolithic) | X2b | 5209-4947 calBCE | Fuente Celada |
IAM.7 | Morocco (Early Neolithic) · MAR_EN | X2b | 5007-4805 calBCE | Ifri n’Amr o’Moussa |
GRG028 | France (Middle Neolithic) | X2b | 4836-4606 calBCE | Gurgy Les Noisats |
GRG028.A0102 | GRG (Middle Neolithic) | X2b | 4836-4606 calBCE | Gurgy Les Noisats |
I7197 | Czech (Middle Neolithic) | X2b | 4549-4401 calBCE | Praha-Zahradnictví |
PRI001 | France (Middle Neolithic) | X2b | 4342-4077 calBCE | Prissé-la-Charrière |
PRI001.merged | PRI (Middle Neolithic) | X2b | 4342-4077 calBCE | Prissé-la-Charrière |
I10297 | Lasinja (Chalcolithic, Croatia) | X2b | 4300-3900 BCE | Potočani |
san216_noUDG.SG | Spain (Late Neolithic) | X2b | 3779-3647 calBCE | San Quílez |
I7601 | MLN (Chalcolithic, Spain) | X2b | 3644-3528 calBCE | Les Llometes |
I5366 | England (Neolithic) | X2b | 3641-3384 calBCE | Cissbury |
PB186.SG | Ireland (Middle Neolithic) · Ireland_MN | X2b | 3516-3359 calBCE | Parknabinnia |
I8568 | MLN (Chalcolithic, Spain) | X2b | 3496-3355 calBCE | La Coveta Emparetà |
2HC51961131.SG | Mont Aime MLN (Bronze Age, France) | X2b | 3357-3103 calBCE | Mont-Aimé-hypogée-2 |
NGZ1.SG | Ireland (Middle Neolithic) · Ireland_MN | X2b | 3322-2921 calBCE | Newgrange |
I3272 | Spain (Chalcolithic) | X2b | 3307-2899 calBCE | La Chabola de la Hechicera |
Aes13 | Switzerland (Late Neolithic) · Switzerland_LN | X2b | 3013-2900 calBCE | Aesch |
I0581_d | Spain (Chalcolithic) | X2b | 2900-2675 calBCE | El Mirador Cave |
Aes25 | Switzerland (Late Neolithic) · Switzerland_LN | X2b | 2865-2499 calBCE | Aesch |
VLI017 | Corded Ware (Bronze Age, Czech) | X2b | 2467-2297 calBCE | Vliněves |
VLI026 | Bell Beaker (Bronze Age, Czech) | X2b | 2300-2100 BCE | Vliněves |
I2445 | Bell Beaker (Bronze Age, England) | X2b6 | 2200-1985 calBCE | Yarnton |
I5373 | Low EEF (Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age, England) | X2b | 2195-1980 calBCE | Carsington Pasture Cave |
ALM003 | Almoloya Argar Late (Bronze Age, Spain) | X2b | 2000-1750 BCE | La Almoloya |
ALM001_merged | Almoloya Argar Early (Bronze Age, Spain) | X2b | 1960-1769 calBCE | La Almoloya |
ALM001 | Iberia Argar Almoloya Early (Bronze Age) | X2b | 1960-1769 calBCE | La Almoloya |
AITI_43 | Lech (Early Bronze Age, Germany) | X2b | 1888-1700 calBCE | Kleinaitingen-Gewerbegebiet-Nord |
oll010_noUDG.SG | Late (Neolithic, Sweden) | X2b11 | 1879-1632 calBCE | Olljso |
oll010 | Ollsjo (Bronze Age) | X2b11 | 1879-1632 calBCE | Olljso |
TV32032extra_noUDG.SG | Portugal (Middle Bronze Age) | X2b | 1800-1400 BCE | Torre Velha 3 |
I18417 | Croatia (Middle–Late Bronze Age) | X2b | 1500-800 BCE | Bezdanjača Cave |
I13788 | Knoviz (Late Bronze Age, Czech) | X2b | 1300-800 BCE | Chouč |
CSN004 | Tuscany Grosseto Etruscan (Iron Age, Italy) | X2b | 600-200 BCE | Casenovole |
I14860 | England (Middle Iron Age) | X2b | 386-198 calBCE | Cliffs End Farm |
I11997 | England (Middle Iron Age) | X2b | 377-197 calBCE | Bradley Fen |
I3323 | Spain (Iron Age) | X2b | 373-199 calBCE | Puig de Sant Andreu |
I16475 | Wales (Middle Iron Age–Late Iron Age) | X2b | 550-1 BCE | Dinorben |
I14801 | England (Middle Iron Age) | X2b | 362-163 calBCE | Thame |
I21309 | England (Middle Iron Age–Late Iron Age) | X2b | 354-57 calBCE | Battlesbury Bowl |
CL36 | North Langobards 2 (Early Medieval, Italy) | X2b | 550-650 CE | Collegno |
VK361 | Langeland VA (Medieval) | X2b | 900-1000 CE | Bogevej |
VK361_noUDG.SG | Viking (Medieval, Denmark) | X2b | 900-1000 CE | Bogevej |
VK410 | Ladoga VA (Medieval) | X2b | 1000-1200 CE | Staraya-Ladoga |
VK410_noUDG.SG | Viking (Medieval, Russia) | X2b | 1000-1200 CE | Staraya-Ladoga |