Ancient population · Neolithic

Spain (Early Neolithic)

Name: Spain (Early Neolithic) (Spain_EN)
Creator: Genoplot

Spain_EN

Spain (Early Neolithic) is an ancient population in Genoplot's G25 reference catalogue (Spain_EN), with 11 samples from Spain, dated to c. 5260–4750 BCE.

Among ancient populations it sits closest to Sardinia (Neolithic, Italy), FLR (Middle Neolithic) and Sardinia (Chalcolithic–Bronze Age, Italy); the nearest living populations are Sardinia N, Sardinian and Croatia N.

Its men carry Y-DNA haplogroups I2a (3), G2a (2) and R1b (2); its mtDNA haplogroups include K1a (3), J1c (2), H1 and HV0.

Period: Neolithic
Date: c. 5260–4750 BCE
Country: Spain
Sampled near: Cova de Els Trocs 41.98, -1.15
Sites: Cova de Els Trocs (4)
Cueva de Chaves (3)
El Prado de Pancorbo (2)
Cueva de los Murciélagos
Fuente Celada
Samples: 11
Published in: Villalba-MoucoHaakCurrBiol2019
AkbariReichNature2026
MathiesonReichNature2015
LipsonReichNature2017
ValdioseraJakobssonPNAS2018
Catalogue: Spain_EN
Spain_EN.SG variant

Nearest populations

Distance between population averages in scaled G25 space, ×100. Lower is closer. It says who resembles this population, not who descends from it; an nMonte model tests that.

Ancient
#	Population	Distance
1	Sardinia (Neolithic, Italy)`Italy_Sardinia_N`	1.93
2	FLR (Middle Neolithic)`MN_FLR`	2.17
3	Sardinia (Chalcolithic–Bronze Age, Italy)`Italy_Sardinia_C_BA`	2.18
4	Sardinia (Late Chalcolithic, Italy)`Italy_Sardinia_LateC`	2.27
5	Sardinia (Late Bronze Age, Italy)`Italy_Sardinia_LBA`	2.39
6	Sardinia Nuragic (Bronze Age, Italy)`Italy_Sardinia_BA_Nuragic`	2.43
7	GRG (Middle Neolithic)`MN_GRG`	2.51
8	South (Chalcolithic, Italy)`Italy_South_C`	2.58
9	Grotta Continenza CA (Chalcolithic)`Grotta_Continenza_CA`	2.67
10	France (Middle Neolithic)`France_MN`	2.78

Modern
#	Population	Distance
1	Sardinia N`Sardinia_N`	3.93
2	Sardinian`Sardinian`	4.71
3	Croatia N`Croatia_N`	6.07
4	Bulgaria N`Bulgaria_N`	6.48
5	Romania N`Romania_N`	6.71
6	Macedonia N`Macedonia_N`	7.72
7	French Corsica`French_Corsica`	11.78
8	Basque Soule`Basque_Soule`	12.33
9	Spanish La Rioja`Spanish_La_Rioja`	12.40
10	Basque Navarre North`Basque_Navarre_North`	12.62

Haplogroups

Y-DNA

7 men with a call

G2a2a1 G-PF3148
G2a2a1a3 G-BY225910
I2a1 I-P37
I2a1a2 I-L161
I2a1a2a1b I-A812
R1b R1b
R1b1a1b1a R-L51

mtDNA

11 individuals with a call

Individuals 13

The samples behind this population in the catalogue. Outliers are kept out of the population's average. Sex, date, site and haplogroups are from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource; Y-DNA calls are mostly automatic, from the shown terminal SNP.

Sample	Catalogue entry	Sex	Date	Site	Y-DNA	mtDNA
`CHA001_merged`	`Spain_EN`	M	5308-5051 calBCE	Cueva de Chaves	I2a1 I-P37	HV0
`CHA002_merged`	`Spain_EN`	M	5302-5061 calBCE	Cueva de Chaves	R1b R1b	K1a2a
`CHA003_merged`	`Spain_EN`	M	5302-4991 calBCE	Cueva de Chaves	I2a1a2 I-L161	K1a3a
`FUC003_merged`	`Spain_EN`	M	5209-4947 calBCE	Fuente Celada	G2a2a1 G-PF3148	X2b
`I0409`	`Spain_EN`	F	5312-5212 calBCE	Cova de Els Trocs		J1c3
`I0410`	`Spain_EN`	M	5298-5057 calBCE	Cova de Els Trocs	R1b1a1b1a R-L51	T2c1d
`I0412`	`Spain_EN`	M	5309-5073 calBCE	Cova de Els Trocs	I2a1a2a1b I-A812	N1a1a1
`I0413`	`Spain_EN`	F	5304-5065 calBCE	Cova de Els Trocs		V
`I1972`	`Spain_EN`	F	4836-4687 calBCE	El Prado de Pancorbo		K1a4a1
`I2199`	`Spain_EN`	F	5214-5015 calBCE	El Prado de Pancorbo		H1
`mur_noUDG.SG`	`Spain_EN.SG`	M	5299-5066 calBCE	Cueva de los Murciélagos	G2a2a1a3 G-BY225910	J1c1b1
`TOR.6_noUDG.WGC` outlier	`Spain_EN.SG`
`TOR.8_noUDG.WGC` outlier	`Spain_EN.SG`